This Week in Pediatrics
Paxlovid safe for children age 6 and up, new data reveal | CIDRAP
A study finds that the antiviral drug is safe to prescribe in children with COVID-19 who are at least 6 years old.
Measles Cases and Outbreaks | Measles (Rubeola) | CDC
There have been 32 new outbreaks** reported in 2026, and 93% of confirmed cases (2,082 of 2,231) are outbreak-associated (717 from outbreaks starting in 2026 and 1,365 from outbreaks that started in 2025).
Drowning Is the Leading Cause of Death in Children Under 5, and the Deadliest Weeks of the Year Are Beginning
The American Academy of Pediatrics updated its drowning prevention guidelines in May 2026, reaffirming the evidence base for specific structural interventions.
Research of the Day
Duration of Breastfeeding and Childhood Obesity Risk: Meta-Analysis of 150 Cohort Studies
This comprehensive meta-analysis synthesized data from 150 cohort studies involving over 2.5 million children to examine the relationship between breastfeeding duration and obesity risk. Children breastfed for 6+ months showed a 22% reduction in obesity risk at ages 5-10 compared to never-breastfed children.
Key findings: (1) Each additional month of breastfeeding associated with 3% lower obesity odds; (2) Effects persisted after adjusting for socioeconomic status and maternal BMI; (3) Exclusive breastfeeding showed stronger effects than mixed feeding.
These findings strengthen breastfeeding support recommendations. Counsel expectant parents on breastfeeding benefits, ensure access to lactation support, and address barriers to continued breastfeeding.
Popular Beliefs
Cracking knuckles causes arthritis
What the evidence shows: Studies comparing habitual knuckle-crackers to non-crackers found no increased arthritis risk. The cracking sound is from gas bubble release in synovial fluid. The main consequence may be reduced grip strength and annoyed family members.
The flu shot can give you the flu
What the evidence shows: Flu vaccines contain inactivated virus or viral proteins that cannot cause influenza infection. Some people experience mild side effects (sore arm, low-grade fever) that mimic illness. It takes 2 weeks for protection to develop, so some may get infected before the vaccine works.
Chocolate causes acne
What the evidence shows: The relationship between diet and acne is complex. Some studies suggest high-glycemic diets and dairy may worsen acne, but chocolate specifically has not been definitively proven to cause breakouts. Individual responses vary—advise patients to observe their own triggers.
Behaviors
Media Multitasking and Attention in Adolescents
This study of 600 high school students examined the relationship between media multitasking (using multiple screens simultaneously) and attention abilities. Heavy media multitaskers showed reduced ability to filter irrelevant information.
Key findings: (1) Heavy multitaskers had 15% more attention lapses in class; (2) Greater difficulty switching between tasks effectively; (3) Sleep quality mediated some of the relationship.
Counsel adolescents (and parents) on single-tasking for homework. Having phone notifications off and single-device focus improves learning efficiency and quality.
Genetics
Exon-Skipping Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Expanded Approvals
FDA has approved additional exon-skipping therapies targeting previously untreatable Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations. These antisense oligonucleotide treatments now cover 80% of DMD patients, slowing disease progression.
Key findings: (1) Treated patients maintain ambulation 2-4 years longer; (2) Cardiac and respiratory function also preserved; (3) Earlier treatment initiation correlates with better outcomes.
Genetic testing to identify specific DMD mutation is essential for treatment planning. Refer to neuromuscular centers for evaluation. Treatment options continue to expand rapidly.